Mow to Read Character by the Face. 





BY PROF. A. E. WILLIS, 



If a man's character you wish to find, 
Look in his face, the mirror of the mind. 



AUXnOB, LECTUBER AlTD PBACTICAL PB7SZ0aiT0MIST. 



PRICE, FIFTY CENTS. 




CAMERON, AMBERS S. CO. PRINT, CHICAQO. 



I 



ILLUSTRATED 

HYSIOGNOMY. 



If a man's character you wish to find, 
Look in his face, the mirror of the mind. 



Nana ever feared that the truth should be heard. 
But those whom the truth wad indite. 



BY PROFESSOR A. E. WILLIS, 



Practical Fhysiognoviist^ Author and Lecturer, 



Copyright, 1880, by A. E. Willis. 
Copyright, 1881, by A. E. Willis. 
Copyright, 1884, by A. E. Willis. 



1884.. 



— BuRNSk 




LONGFELLOW, the Great American Poet. 



The mental temperament is predominant, with the motive next. The mouth nose 
and eyes are decidedly American in form and expression. The drooping of the septum 
of the nose shows him to be an original, ingenious thinker, especially in connection with 
his large intuition and imagination. The short, deep lines running up the forehead from 
the root of the nose, indicate continuity or concentration of the mind, and mark him as a 
close and intent thinker; one who brings his thoughts to bear constantly upon the subject 
before him. With an over-nervous and dyspeptic organization, these lines may also indi- 
cate a cross, irritable and scowling disposition. I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Long- 
fellow in his beautiful home in Cambridge, Mass., one morning, and found him to be a 
pleasant, unassuming, neighborly man; one who does not try to impress you with his 
importance like many American make-believe busy-bodies do, of much less brain power 
and reputation. 



An American General, whose name I do not know — one of the early Indian fighters. 
Observe how high the fore part of the head is, and its sloping toward the back, which 
indicates a sympathetic nature and strong liberal sentiments, that frequently incline a 
man to the Universalist or Unitarian belief. When the head is much higher in the rear 
than in the top part, the individual is more inclined to a set, stationary and orthodox form 
of religion; that is, providing he or she becomes religious. The whole face is expressive 
of kindness and goodness, with a fine and energetic mind. 



i 

1 



A man may be known by his look, and one that hath understanding by his counte- 
nance. — Ecclesiasticiis 19: 30. 

The countenance is a sign of changing of the heart. — Ecclesiasticus 27: 17. 

The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their 
sin as Sodom, they hide it not. — Isaiah 3: 9. 

And as he prayed (Jesus) the fashion of his countenance was altered. — Luke^-.zg. 

A proud look the Lord hateth. — Proverbs 6: 17. 

The children of Israel could not steadfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory 
of his countenance. — 2 Corinthians 3: 7. 

Be not as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance; for they disfigure their faces, that 
they may appear unto men to fast. — Matthew 6: 16. 

Now he was ruddy (David) and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to 
look to, and the Lord said Arise, anoint him; for this is he. — i Samuel 16: 12. 

A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance. — Proverbs 15: 13. 

The cheek 

Is apter than the tongue to tell an errand. 

— Shakespeare, 

One may smile and smile anri be a villain still. — Shakespeare. 

* 

I trow that countenance cannot lie, 
Whose thoughts are legible in the eye. 

— Spenser, 

Physiognomy is a science founded on observation and ought to be studied in con 
nection with Natural History. — Bacon. 

In mystic characters, our features bear the motto of our souls. — Sir Thos. Brown 



/ 

Full, wide, open eyes are indicative of a large amount of inherited soul nature and 
capacity. The soul or spirit life speaks through the eyes — the heart through the lips. 
Hence, large and beautiful eyes express a large soul and full and finely formed lips 
bespe:ak a large heart. 




Subterfuge and resistance to persons and things that are not congenial. A harsh, 
forbidding, repulsive disposition. Will shift, evade and resort to many ways to accom- 
plish a purpose or avoid failures or difficulties. Note the low and scowling eyebrows. 




A selfish, dishonest and unreliable, if not treacherous, disposition, may be looked for 
in the acute angle or hanging point nose, when it seems to lie almost flat upon the upper 
lip, especially when the upper lip is short, bringing the point of the nose and mouth 
almost together, as may be seen in some faces. Persons with such noses are liable to 
take advantage of another person's weakness or misfortune. An irreconcilable and im- 
placable disposition is also shown in the protruding under lip. 



PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 



Two kinds : Active and Passive — Form and Expression — Use of Physiognomy — Intuitive 
Perception — Mental Process of Physiognomy — Animal Physiognomy — Can Physi- 
ognomy be relied upon ? — Types of Character — Principles of Human Nature. 



Physiognomy may be defined, first, as the revelation of the 
character or spirit of any living organic being, by and through the 
form, expression and color of the features ; second, as the art and 
science of discerning and understanding the character so revealed 
to the observer. In other words, there are two kinds of physiog- 
nomy: Active and Passive. 

Everything in the world is stamped with its own peculiar physi- 
ognomy. Man has his ; the beasts of the field have theirs ; birds, 
fishes and reptiles have theirs. But I object to the idea of apply- 
ing the term physiognomy scientifically to anything that has not a 
medium degree of intelligent or instinctive life. Inanimate things 
may have form and color, but they lack expression, which is the 
distinguishing feature of physiognomy. There must be both form 
and expression. Form reveals the general character, quality or 
condition, and expression the mind or disposition. 

But, to be more definite, I do not consider that the ability which 
a person possesses to read and define the various expressions of the 
human countenance can be properly called physiognomy, any more 
than the reading and understanding of printed matter can be called 
printing. 

Physiognomy is a sign which the Divine Being has written in 
plain characters upon the face of every living being, for the benefit 
of each other. It is the window of the outer man, through which 
the observer becomes acquainted with the nature of the inner man. 
It is also the means by which we can determine the nature of 
everything around us; rocks and stones do not look like blocks of 
wood — we distinguish the one from the other by their appearance. 



i8 



PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 



The talent or ability which men and women possess to read 
each other, I should prefer to call Intuitive Perception, because it 
is only through this kind of perception that we can successfully 
understand the human countenance. 

We first perceive the appearance of one's features by the aid of 
our perceptive or observing faculties, which are located immediately 
over the nose and eyes. These impressions are transmitted to the 
reflective faculties, which occupy the upper portion of the forehead, 
and through the action of these faculties we conceive the character 
and nature of the individual as indicated in the appearances we 
have just observed; so that in reading human nature, the opera- 
tion of the mind is two-fold — first, perceptive, and second, concep- 
tive ; or, in other words, we first analyze, then synthetize. 

For convenience and general use, however, the term physiog- 
nomy may be applied to designate either the language of the 
features or the ability to read them ; and in its broadest meaning 
may include the recognition of all material and inanimate objects 
by their size, form and color. 

Its use or practice is confined by men principally to the human 
family, as the reading of animals is generally considered of no par- 
ticular use, except so far as it helps us to discern the character of 
men and women, who, in their disposition and physiological struc- 
ture, resemble some animal, bird, fish or reptile. 

A gentleman who had been a farmer and had considerable ex- 
perience with oxen, told me that when he wanted to buy a good 
working ox, he selected one with a broad head and prominent eyes, 
in preference to one with a long head and sunken eyes. 

The study of physiognomy in the animal kingdom might, and 
ought to be pursued with great interest and benefit. Every horse- 
jockey and dealer in cattle ought to study and practice animal 
physiognomy. The spirit, activity and strength of a horse can be 
determined by its facial expression and physical development, just 
as easily as we can discover similar conditions in a human being. 
A mere novice in physiognomy cannot but observe the differ- 
ence between the noble and somewhat intelligent look of a New- 
foundland dog, and the savage, threatening appearance of the 
bull-dog. 

I am inclined to think that animals make use of physiognomy 



A CONFIDENCE MAN. 



Note the small, flat, half-shut form of the eye, and that peculiar, palavering, hood- 
wink, peeping sort of expression accompanyrng them. Also, the long, sharp nose, which 
shows him to be long-headed, a planner and schemer; and the prominence in the center 
of the nose proclaims him to be energetic in his thievish business. The fulness in the 
upper and center part of the forehead joining the hair, is caused by a large development 
of the organ of human nature or intuition, and in its perverted condition is what particu- 
larly marks and makes him a confidence man. The perverted use of a large development 
of the faculty of intuition is the cause of a vast amount of imposition, trickery, and dis- 
honest games of all kinds and degrees. 



AN ALSACIAN. 



An honest countenance. Compare this face with that of the confidence man, and his 
eyes with the Devil's eye found in another part of this book. What a frank, open and 
sincere look is here expressed. His lips evince a sociable, warm-hearted, generous and 
loving nature. Such a man will like to pursue a straightforward course, and despise trick- 
ery, artifice and deception. He would not appreciate being fooled or humbugged, but 
loves the real and earnest side of life. Must be treated fairly and honestly. 



PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 



19 



as much, if not more, than men do. They not only read each 
other, but they minutely observe their master, man. 

Physiognomy and natural history are so closely allied that they 
should be studied together, and I am not sure but geology should 
also be included. Bacon once remarked that physiognomy was a 
science founded on observation, and ought to be studied in connec- 
tion with natural history. Physiognomy enters very largely into 
a number of the sciences. When you study the rocks and surface 
of the earth you are really studying the earth's physiognomy ; and 
when the astronomer gazes through his telescope on worlds beyond 
his natural vision, he also is studying the physiognomy of the 
heavenly bodies; in fact, everything in the world around us and 
above us, has its physiognomy — the very house you live in, the large 
variety of flowers, trees, fruits, etc., are distinguished from each 
other like persons by their respective physiognomies, hence, there is 
no end to the study of this science; it is as far-reaching and varied 
as the universe itself Even books have their physiognomies, and 
those that live in the memories of the people and are handed down 
from generation to generation are those books that have the most 
human nature in them. Take the Bible, Bunyan's Pilgrim's Prog- 
ress and Shakespeare's works, as illustrations, all of them descrip- 
tive of character from the beginning to the end. 

It is very strange that a science so valuable, so easily acquired 
and applied, should be so much overlooked and neglected by the 
great mass of mankind. 

Still I do not wonder much when I remember how much igno- 
rance and prejudice concerning physiognomy and phrenology 
exist in the minds of even educated people. I have in my mind a 
doctor of divinity, who told me he wouldn't want any phrenologist 
to put his hands on his daughter's head ; and, when I asked him 
why not, he intimated that he didn't think it would be modest or 
quite proper. Fortunately, however, greater men than the one I 
have just referred to have endorsed physiognomy and studied it ; 
and I beHeve the day is coming when it will be universally put 
into practice. 

All mental philosophers recognize the mind to be composed of 
a number of distinct faculties ; also, that the brain is the organ of 
the mind. Therefore, the brain, reasoning from analogy, must be 
composed of a number of distinct organs, which is demonstrated 



20 



PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 



by the fact that when the mind or brain is tired of one kind of 
labor or exercise, it will find relief and rest by engaging in some 
other; that is, by bringing some other faculty and organ into 
exercise ; for it is really the brain that tires, not the mind. If the 
brain was not composed of distinct organs, then it could never rest- 
I am aware that every person makes use of physiognomy to a 
certain extent, because they cannot help doing so. It would be 
impossible for one person to look at another without forming an 
opinion, either favorable or unfavorable ; but to study and pursue 
this science in a systematic manner, so as to be sure that their im- 
pressions are correct, is something very few are in the habit of doing. 

Young people will spend any amount of time over sickly, senti- 
mental novels or love stories that are descriptive of some highly- 
colored romance, where a poor, homely, red-headed fellow manages 
to win the heart and person of the most beautiful woman in the 
world, after passing through the most trying ordeals, and perhaps 
hair-breadth escapes from death — stories that picture life as far 
from reality as black is from white, that ruin the memory, enfeeble 
the intellect, inflame the passions, and draw so heavily upon the 
sympathies that body and mind grow tired — books that, when read 
at evening alone, bring sleepless nights, dreams of death, or make 
the heart beat as though it must burst at every sigh of the mind. 
These books excite sympathies for that which has no real existence, 
and unnerve the heart for the true battle of life. They will shed 
easy tears over the harrowing tale of a novel, but never see, in real 
life, the misery that needs sympathy, and cries out to God against 
them because it is withheld. By feeding on such stuff their senses 
are blunted, and they see no real poverty or woe in the world, and 
no heroes or heroines save their own unappreciated selves ; and 
instead of laying hold, like true men and women, upon the .great prob- 
lems of life, and, by the very force of will, surmounting the obstacles 
that lie in their way, they pander to this corrupt taste, become 
feeble-minded, and unfit themselves for the stern realties of life. 
Such stories create an insatiate thirst for a fictitious life, or a long- 
ing desire for an indescribable something that a depraved taste and 
morbid imagination may picture, but which can never be realized. 
They will read, study and think about a character that is only a 
myth, rather than in a practical and scientific manner, study the 
actual characters of the men or women they intend to make their 



Eye taken from a robber, thief, polygamist and libertine. Observe the form of the 
eye. Notice how some eyes are round, some flat and long in the angles. Also notice the 
expression of eyes, as it is from that chiefly you must determine whether they are thieves, 
liars and libertines or not. 




The wrinkles running outward and downward from the eye, generally indicate a 
jolly, laughing nature, or one who can enjoy and appreciate mirth; especially the lines 
running from the outer corner. 




Originator of the Spencerian system of penmanship. He possesses the rare gifts of 
the artist, poet, and inventor, for such his productions have proved him to be. Penmen 
require fine and sensitive organizations. The nervous temperament is predominant, and 
the motive next. His nose indicates a commercial and enterprising spirit, and together 
with the high, full forehead, reveals an ingenious and inventive talent. Observe the nose 
IS not only prominent, but long, and slightly drooping at the point. 



A son of P. R. Spencer, and a resident of Washington, D. C. He differs from his 
father in having a broader head between the ears, which imparts more force and executive 
abihty, but less of the poetical and inventive. The vital temperament is predominant in 
him, with the motive and mental next. 

He possesses more of the practical than sentimental cast of mind. There is only a 
moderate development of bones or frame work. The absorbents of his system are active, 
and he is naturally more inclined to brain than muscle work. 



i 



4 



PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 



21 



future husbands or wives. They prefer to leave that till the wed- 
ding knot is tied and the honey-moon has set, and the sad hours of 
matrimonial darkness have come in upon their blighted and mistaken 
lives. A romance of a different nature then dawns upon their vision 
— heroes of a different kind then enter upon the stage, and they 
play hate instead of love, and must either live in a matrimonial 
hell, or play the second act, divorce- I do not say that this is the 
result of married life in general — it is the exception, not the rule — 
but it is too often the fate of sentimentalists. 

Some may urge the idea that it is impossible to understand 
human nature with any reasonable degree of accuracy, because it is 
so varied, each person possessing a distinct character and differing 
from every other person, just as they differ in their looks. Every- 
thing in nature is full of variety, and there are many things we do 
not and cannot comprehend. There are many things concerning 
the nature and character of the Divine Being we do not understand ; 
I but that is no reason why we should not investigate the works of 

nature, and study the character of God, so as to understand what 
is revealed, and find out as much as possible. 

There is this fact to be taken into consideration in the study of 
human nature, which will lessen the difficulty very much. Although 
every person has a distinct character, yet there are certain types of 
character, and every person belongs to one or another, or, at least^ 
partakes more of the qualities of one than another; so that when 
you understand a certain type, you have the key that will unlock 
the door to the general character of every person belonging to that 
cast or type. In addition to this, there are certain principles which 
lie at the foundation of human nature, and the existence or mani- 
festation of these principles will be perceptible, to a greater or less 
extent, in the formation of individual character. One is, that size 
and quality are a measure of power ; another, that no faculty or organ 
can display its full power until fully developed and properly exer- 
cised ; another, that coarseness or fineness, or in other words, the 
texture of the human body, is indicative of a like condition of the 
mind ; another, that form or shape, such as long, broad, sharpy 
round, etc., likewise accompanies special conditions of character. 

These principles and these manifestations are the same through- 
out the entire human race ; so that if we once understand them and 
carefully apply them, our deductions and conclusions will be correct 
in every instance. 



HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 



Two methods: Impressibility and Deductive Reasoning — Personal Conditions necessary 
for reading Character — Electricity, or Animal Magnetism an agency in reading 
Character — Eve and Satan — Necessity of adherence to First Impressions — How to 
know whether one has good Ability to read Character — Method to be pursued in 
Studying the Face — Outlines of the Face and Features— Circumstances and Condi- 
tions under which People are to be Studied. 



There are two methods or ways of reading character. One is 
by impressibility — intuitive reasoning; the other, by comparison, 
aided by the perceptives. Some can read better by the first method, 
and others by the latter, and some by both, which is the best and 
most accurate plan. 

I will first describe what conditions are necessary, and then how 
to apply them, in order to read persons by the first method, which 
I propose to name Impressibility. 

The principal conditions requisite are two — a large amount of 
the organic quality, and very large human nature. To be a suc- 
cessful reader, it is absolutely necessary that you possess the faculty 
of human nature very large ; and to be a gifted or remarkable 
reader^ it is likewise necessary to be endowed with a very sensitive 
nature, which is imparted only by the organic quality. These two 
qualities combined will render a person extremely sensitive, sus- 
ceptible and alive to all kinds of mental and nervous impressions 
and magnetic influences, whether external or internal. 

By mental and nervous impressions, I do not mean ideas pro- 
duced by the action of the mind, nor sensations produced by a dis- 
ordered state of the nervous system ; but rather the nature and 
qualities of the mind, which are more easily impressed upon a per- 
son having a nervous temperament, so that persons thus organized 
not only discern, but actually feel, the mental and physical qualities 
of the subjects before them. 

And here let me say that the ramifications of nerves which ex- 



ALLAN PINKERTON, 

The great and perhaps foremost detective in the United States; 
also author of "The Expressman and the Detective." 

He has a large amount of vitality, good perceptives, and very large secretiveness. 
He can smell a thief a mile off, and knows how and where to look for him. The width 
of the head indicates large executive ability, which, together with a strong constitution, 
[^ive him energy, and enables him to prosecute, follow up and accomplish whatever he 
undertakes. 



I 



1 



HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 



23 



tend all over the human body, are acknowledged to be a continua- 
tion of the brain ; therefore, if the mind acts upon the brain, it 
must also act upon the nervous system. But the mind cannot act 
upon the brain without a medium or connecting link, because the 
brain is material and the mind or spirit is not. Electricity is of such 
a subtle and imponderable nature that it occupies a place half way 
between mind and matter, partaking, in all probability, somewhat 
of the nature and qualities of both ; therefore it readily becomes 
the medium, in man, through which the mind or soul is brought in 
contact with matter. 

It is also an acknowledged fact that the body is constantly 
throwing off a nervous or magnetic fluid — a kind of human elec- 
tricity, I suppose. How far this extends from the body of a person 
is not known, but it is to such a distance that when two persons 
approach each other their circles of electricity come in contact 
before they meet. This is what I mean by magnetic influence; so 
that when two persons of a sensitive nature are brought together, 
they immediately form or receive favorable or unfavorable impres- 
sions of each other, and, in many cases, will either like or dislike at 
first sight. Magnetism is defined to be that agent or force in nature 
which possesses the power of attraction ; but, call it by whatever 
name you will, or define it in whatever terms you may, it is nothing 
more or less than animal electricity. There can be no attraction 
without two objects or two substances exactly the same in nature, 
but directly opposite in their qualities — the one to answer as posi- 
tive, the other as negative. 

Now, there are two kinds of electricity — the one positive and 
the other negative ; or, in other words, the one male, and the other 
female ; and wherever there is positive and negative electricity, 
there will be attraction and unification. Two positives will not 
attract, neither will two negatives ; two men will not attract each 
other, nor will two women. There must be male and female to 
form attraction. 

Wherever there is attraction or repulsion, the easier and quicker 
do we perceive the character of others, and form favorable or un- 
favorable opinions. I believe this is one reason, and probably the 
principal one, why men can read women, and women men, with 
greater ease and certainty than they can their own sex. In fact, 
women have a peculiar gift ; they seem to have an inward monitor 



24* 



HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 



which enables them to jump at their conclusions of men's characters 
and intentions, especially in times of danger. Providence has prob- 
ably given it to them (they being the weaker vessels) as a safeguard ; 
against evil; though it is a great pity mother Eve did not make 
use of it to unravel the cunning devices of the enemy, Satan. And 
yet, when I reflect on it, I believe that Eve did read Satan to a 
certain extent, but, not knowing evil or its results, she made a 
great mistake — just such as we make nearly every day — that is, she 
didn't stick to her first impressions, which a person should always 
do, providing their ability to read character is well developed. 

Having explained the conditions necessary to read character by 
impressibility, a few words will be sufficient to explain how to do it. 
In the first place, you must place yourself in a negative condition 
to the person you wish to read — that is, allow them to make im- 
pressions upon you by the way they look, act and speak ; and do 
not do or say anything of yourself to interrupt, confuse or prevent 
them from revealing themselves as they naturally would. In the 
next place, be sure that the circumstances are favorable for them to 
make, and you to receive, correct impressions. Neither side should 
be placed at a disadvantage. For instance, if one or the other 
should be sick or out of temper, the impressions made on you may 
be wrong. You must endeavor to meet persons fairly and squarely, 
and look them calmly and directly in the face ; observe every angle 
of the face you can — full face, three-quarter face, side face — at the 
same time studying the different expressions of the face ; and let 
your impressions be formed from your very first interview. In 
looking closely at a person, however, never be so bold as to stare 
them out of countenance, because you would not only make them 
feel very uneasy, but render yourself repulsive. 

Having taken general observations, do not be in too great a 
hurry to pronounce your verdict and pass judgment, but wait until k 
the interview is over and the individual has left you. Then analyze 
your thoughts and feelings as they flashed across your mind while 
taking observations, and combine them with the impression left 
upon you, and you will form a correct estimate. 

Should you, in time, become better acquainted with the person 
or persons, and different impressions are produced upon you, under 
no circumstances be governed by any other than your first impres- 
sions — providing, as I have previously stated, your talent for reading 



HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 



25 



character is first-class : if it is not, you must form your opinion 
gradually and cautiously. 

The reason for adhering to first impressions is obvious. The 
oftener you meet, the more persons gain on your good will and 
friendship ; and what at first appears conspicuous, gradually lessens, 
and perhaps disappears. Social intercourse often covers up objec- 
tionable traits; and, on the other hand, your acquaintance may, 
through some business transaction or family affair, create some 
unpleasant feeling that would lessen your appreciation, or cause you 
to change your mind in regard to good qualities. But if your talent 
for reading character is poor, then acquaintance may help you to 
arrive at a proper conclusion. 

Do you ask me how you are to know whether you have first- 
class ability to read human nature I answer, there are only two 
ways that I know of The first and best is to get a good phrenolo- 
gist to tell you. The other w"ay is, to form your opinion of a per- 
son, and then find out if you are correct, by making inquiries, 
watching his conduct and investigating his life and character, in a 
general and constant manner, till you are sure your knowledge is 
correct. Do this with a sufficient number of persons to make it a 
fair test, and if your first impressions harmonize invariably with 
what you learn concerning them, you may conclude you have good 
talent for that purpose; but if your impressions are different, in 
most cases, from what you afterwards discover to be their real na- 
ture, you must, of course, conclude that your ability to read char- 
acter is only average, or perhaps poor. 

There is yet another reason why good readers of character 
should act upon their first impressions. That is, because the nerv- 
ous fluid, which acts as a telegraphic messenger to the mind, will 
conduct impressions correctly, whereas our judgment or ideas of a 
person may be wrong. Then these impressions may never act upon 
us the second time in the same way as they do the first; in fact, 
first sensations are always different from those that follow. 

As I have mentioned on a preceding page, it is quite necessary, 
in reading a person, to study them from a side view of the face, as 
you are then enabled to observe traits of character you may not see 
in a front view. 

If you take two photographs of a person, one full face, the other 
a side view, you will see how different the same individual looks in 



26 



HOW TO READ CHARACTER. 



the two pictures; though it does not follow that the picture that 
portrays him to the worst advantage represents objectionable traits 
of character, any more than the one which shows him to the best 
advantage exhibits the good traits of character. Such may be the 
case or it may not. 

Form is the basis of beauty, and there is always a certain out- 
line of the face which will make the face appear more beautiful than 
any other outHne or position — a fact, by the way, which most 
photographers seem to know nothing about; so that in getting the 
best outHne of the face you get the best-looking portrait. But the 
object in studying the different angles of the human face, in the 
reading of character, is not to get the best-looking view, but to 
watch for and obtain the different expressions as they come and go, 
and to observe the flashing, darting, glancing and rapid movement 
of the eye, so that you see the emotions and almost read the very 
thoughts of an individual while he is in total ignorance of what you 
are trying to do. It is not well that the individual should know 
that you are trying to read him, because that would cause most 
persons to feel somewhat confused, and present unnatural expres- 
sions; it would also put him on his guard, and so prevent you from 
correctly estimating, by presenting his best appearance. I remem- 
ber a man whose general appearance was that of a plain, unassum- 
ing, honest and sanctimonious kind of individual, but whose hidden 
character did not appear till I observed the expression of his face 
and eye from a side view. It is not sufficient to study or observe 
the face as a whole; but you must scrutinize every feature, and 
even parts of a feature. If the nose, observe its length, breadth, 
prominence; whether concave or convex, sharp or blunt, turned up 
or turned down at the point. If the mouth, its size, shape; whether 
straight or curved, open or compressed, thick lips or thin lips, a 
rosy, healthy color, or pale, scabby, blue-black, dried-up lips; if it is 
the eye, notice the color, shape, size — whether projecting or sunken, 
brilliant or dull, fierce or mild, whether it looks you steadily in the 
face during conversation, or is restless, glancing in all directions ; 
if the chin, whether prominent or deficient, round or square, pointed 
or indented; if the eye-brows, whether raised and retiring from, or 
descending and projecting over the eye — whether they are covered 
with little or much hair, whether light or dark, whether they almost 
meet on the nose or are far apart. 



HOW TO READ CHARACTER 



27 



In observing the outline of the face, notice whether it is round, 
oval, oblong or pyriform. Likewise, notice the color of the hair, 
its quality — whether straight or curly, soft or stiff, scanty or in 
abundance. Study the tone and modulation of the voice in speak- 
ing and singing. Observe the walk, positions in sitting and stand- 
ing, mode of shaking hands, the attitude taken while so doing. 
The manner of laughing, style of dress, whether neat, tasty and 
clean, or slovenly, whether tightly buttoned up or loose and open. 
In fact, study a person from head to foot, in every conceivable 
manner you can think of. 

When a person makes a remark, or acts in a manner not quite 
clear to your mind, ask yourself the question: Why did that per- 
son say and do thus ? And do not rest contented till you have 
found out, if possible; for in so doing you will gain much knowl- 
edge in regard to the operations of the human mind as forming our 
every-day life and character, and you may likewise discover things 
you were not seeking to find out. 

Study people in their public life, their social life, their private 
life, their domestic life, and in their business transactions; then, 
putting all these together, draw your inference, but never decide 
on the character of men or women from any one of these condi- 
tions in life, or you may form a one-sided and contracted idea of 
their real character. A man may be much censured and abused in 
public life, and adored in private; and thought little of, yea, even 
despised in social circles, but a recognized hero in public life or 
business circles. 

Finally, do not judge of a person so much by his great acts as 
his little acts. Great acts may be performed for show, public 
approbation, a name, or some selfish purpose; but the little acts 
always reveal the true and inner character. People are also cau- 
tious, wide-awake and guarded in their conspicuous deeds; but in 
little things they are not, hence they reveal their true nature with- 
out being aware of it. Especially is this the case with persons of 
large secretiveness; the more they try to evade and conceal their 
thoughts, motives and intentions, the more they show them to a 
close observer of little things. In fact, it is the act of trying to 
cover up, that exposes the very things they wish to hide. 



SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 



Indications of a Fine Mind — A clear- thinking Mind — An harmonious Character — A Mind 
that loves and appreciates that which is Beautiful — Is Beauty only skin deep ? — 
Beautiful Eyes — Large, round, full and projecting Eyes— Excessive Passion — Laxity 
of the Passions — Pain and Pleasure — Dimples in the Cheek — A Suspicious Nature — 
Revenge — Sagacity — Necessity of further discovery. 



It is not my intention, in this work, to enter into an elaborate 
description of the signs of character. Most books on this subject 
are too extensive and compHcated for the pubHc to peruse. My 
aim is to awaken in the mind of the reader sufficient interest to 
study for him or herself, by mentioning, in a brief manner, a few 
unmistakable signs. 

A fine mind is always indicated by a fine organization. As well 
look for the sun to shine at night, as to see elegance, taste, refine- 
ment and delicacy of thought in one whose body is rough, coarse 
and common. The skin of such a person should be pure-looking, 
soft, even, and of fine texture. The hair should likewise be very 
fine and soft. Mind molds and rules the body, and not the body 
the mind; therefore, if the mind is not finely organized, neither is 
the body. By fineness of mind I mean texture or quality. Every 
person knows the difference between fine and coarse cloth. The 
coarse cloth may be the most serviceable for every-day wear, but 
the fine will be the most valuable, and therefore the most prized 
and taken care of, and will be used only on extra occasions. So 
with a fine and coarse mind — the latter may be good and moral, 
and best adapted for the common duties of life, but the former 
will be contented only in the higher, loftier and purer pursuits and 
walks of life. 

A clear-thinking mind is evinced by a dark, sallow complexion. 
Such persons are generally calm, cool and collected — are definite, 
precise, systematic and comprehensive in their views and manner 
of saying and doing things. They seldom get confused in their 
ideas, and express themselves clearly and positively. A harmo- 



SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 



29 



nious character, or one that is evenly balanced in the moral, social, 
intellectual and executive faculties, is manifested, first, by a general 
fullness and uniform appearance of the head. The skull should pre- 
sent an even surface — no bumps, because they indicate that there 
is a deficiency of some other bumps (or more properly speaking, 
organs) near by, or else the other organs are too large, and there 
is an excess of some kind. A head that presents the appearance 
of hills and valleys will show inconsistencies and contradictions 
of character, and a liability to extremes. Not only should the 
head be even, but also equally developed and proportionate. It 
would be difficult to describe just what shape the head ought to be. 
A phrenological plaster-of-Paris head, with all the organs marked 
on it, will give you the best idea. The second sign is proportionate 
and beautifully or properly-formed features. If the nose is concave 
or convex, the mouth unpleasant to look at (having a peculiar or 
objectionable expression around the corners), the chin deficient, 
and the eyes fixed, staring or evasive, look out for some odd and 
mean trait of character. 

A mind that loves and appreciates that which is beautiful must 
have beautiful features, which consist in fine, delicate and har- 
monious combinations of form, connected with a pleasing and 
lovely expression. Form is the basis or frame-work of beauty; 
and two things or conditions are necessary to produce human 
beauty. First, the body, which is form; second, the soul or 
spirit, which gives expression through the form. These two 
qualities combined constitute what we term beauty. When I speak 
of beauty I mean the highest type. In some persons we see an 
excess of mere physical beauty; in others, an excess of mental and 
moral beauty; and in a third class we see the physical and moral 
about equally combined. So there are many kinds and combina- 
tions of beauty, just as there are many kinds and combinations 
of colors. There are likewise many different tastes in regard to 
beauty. What one person admires another does not. So in regard 
to colors; some like red, some blue, some green, some violet, and 
so on. As a rule, people like colors according to their passions or 
sentiments, and they appreciate and are fascinated by that kind of 
beauty which is a reflex of their own mind or soul. 

It is an old saying that beauty is only skin-keep. I do not con- 
sider that true beauty in which the moral and social faculties do 



30 



SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 



not lend their molding influence. Snakes have pretty skins, but 
we shudder at the very sight of them. A pretty face, therefore, 
that, on close inspection, reveals deceit, cunning, or any kind of 
wickedness, cannot be called beautiful. Addison has justly said 
that no woman can be handsome by the force of features alone, 
any more than she can be witty by the help of speech only. It is 
by the force of thought that the expression of virtue or vice is writ- 
ten upon the countenance, and the features improved or degraded. 
Beauty of mind and beautiful features are therefore inseparably 
connected; for as a man thinketh so he will appear, and his face 
will be a mirror in which a skilled physiognomist can discern the 
ruling passions of the soul. 

Be careful as to how far you trust or place confidence in persons 
who are very forward and bold, especially if they are anxious to pry 
into your secrets and private affairs. They are apt to be thievish 
or tainted with immorality. Loud talkers are also subjects of sus- 
picion, as far as their morals are concerned. Small secretiveness and 
an emotional nature will naturally incline a person to speak louder 
than one possessing large secretiveness and a cool disposition. 
But the class I particularly refer to are persons who always aim to 
attract the attention of every person in the room, or on a steamboat 
or railway car, on the streets and other public places, by talking loud 
enough to be heard above everybody else. When a woman does 
it you may know she is either vain and crazy to be taken notice of, 
and be the center of observation, or else she is fast; rest assured 
either modesty or virtue are wanting in such a woman. And when 
a man does it you may at once conclude he has more gab than 
sense, more blow and brag about him than genuine talent. Young 
women who snicker and laugh out loud at theaters or any public 
place of entertainment, and bore men to take them to such places, 
are, as a rule, bold, cheeky, saucy, impudent and immodest in their 
behavior; and the less young men have to do with such girls or 
women the better for them financially as well as morally. 

There is great necessity of being guarded and cautious in read- 
ing persons from mere appearance, or their assumed, affected and 
dignified mode of conversation and actions. Persons that are reti- 
cent, reserved, evasive and mysterious in their ways of acting and 
general conduct, are subjects of suspicion, and are to be mistrusted 
more than those who are just the opposite. 



A Specimen of Mulberry street, near the Five Points of New York. 



A good illustration of what the human face looks like without education. And by 
education, I do not mean mere text-book knowledge or school discipline, but that kind of 
intellectual and moral culture which refines and elevates the entire man. Education is 
the best means of improving and beautifying the face : even the formation of the lips and 
expression of the mouth, is fine and beautiful or the reverse, according to the amount of 
culture in the individual or his parents. Let those who want nice mouths and lips improve 
and develop their minds, and avoid bad habits. The above subject is also low in Organic 
Quality. 



SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 



31 



When men and women get drunk and quarrelsome they show 
and act out their real animal natures — that is, whatever animal, 
fish, bird or reptile a person resembles in his disposition, he will 
show to perfection when intoxicated or enraged. If he has a low, 
vicious, mean or savage nature, he will manifest it; or if he resem- 
bles an animal or reptile of that nature, he will act like the brute he 
takes after. If a man has a mild, docile and harmless nature, like 
a sheep, deer or dove, for instance, he will never hurt anybody or 
be quarrelsome, whether drunk or angry. 

Beautiful eyes, having finely arched and dark eyebrows, are not 
common in men, and they indicate, in the man who is fortunate 
enough to be so divinely blest, a genuine, natural-born artist — one 
who has the soul to appreciate that which is beautiful and lovely. 
In woman they denote a love and desire for pleasure, beauty and 
the opposite sex, combined very often with a good deal of deviltry. 
The characteristics of this eye may likewise be found the same in 
both sexes. Wherever a lovely eye is seen, whether in man, woman 
or beast, there you will find some admirable trait of character; and 
wherever a mean-looking eye is to be seen, rest assured there is a 
mean disposition of some kind behind it. 

A person with large, round, full and projecting eyes, that in 
appearance resemble those of an owl or a cat, has a disposition that 
is either timid, stupid, foolish, double-dealing or two-faced, and 
generally acts as though he were half-frightened, half-scared and 
afraid of you. 

Excessive passion or abuse of the sexual organs shows itself in 
and around the eyes — gives a sort of dull, heavy, striking and 
sometimes fascinating look. When the lips have a deep red, almost 
crimson color, it indicates immorality or a strong passional nature, 
one that is liable to yield to temptation. 

Laxity of the passions causes the lips to separate, open, and 
imparts to the lower lip a drooping, hanging appearance; while self- 
control and stringency cause them to close and present a tight, com- 
pressed appearance. When both conditions are equal — that is, the 
passions strong, but under control, the lips will have a full, curving, 
but closed and natural appearance, neither open nor compressed. 

Pain is objectionable, though not injurious; pleasure is agreeable, 
hence the love of it, like money, knows no bounds, and has a tendency 



32 



SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 



to lead one into excess. Therefore, those most fond of pleasure 
are in the greatest danger of being led astray and finally ruined. 

The more people develop their selfish natures the more they 
cramp their souls and the smaller they become; on the same prin- 
ciple that women cramp their waists by tight lacing, injuring their 
health and spoiling the natural shape of their bodies. Thus selfish- 
ness injures the character of the soul and mars its facial expression, 
whereas generosity expands the soul and makes it beautiful. 

Excess of reason and calculation may lead a man to stinginess, 
avarice or extreme economy, especially if the lips are thin and cau- 
tiousness large. 

In men of genius the convolutions of the brain are deeper than 
in persons of ordinary talent; hence there is a greater amount and 
surface of neurine or gray matter, which is the thinking part of the 
brain, and is indicated by the uneven or hilly appearance of the 
skull. In sluggish persons, and those of common minds, the skull 
is much smoother. 

Sharp, bony knuckles, indicate persons who are fond of physical 
exercise, hence are good walkers and workers; but fleshy hands, 
that scarcely show any knuckles, belong to lazy persons, and if the 
flesh is soft and flabby, they are sin.ply useless individuals in the 
world — almost too lazy to exist. They prefer to sit down and 
take things easy, or ride everywhere they want to go, and are per- 
fectly contented in doing nothing, except to eat, drink, sleep and 
He around the house. 

A person of taste and refinement may be known by fine, soft 
and neat hair, while a dirty, slovenly person, will have coarse hair 
and an untidy, slouchy appearance of the whole head. The fine 
hair of the rabbit, in contrast with that of the hog, will serve as an 
illustration. 

With the nervous temperament excessive, the affections are 
often inconstant, fictitious and sickly rather than firm, hearty and 
real, and the judgment not trustworthy. There is, also, a great 
desire for novelty and change, with a ready capacity to learn and 
forget, and extreme or abnormal sensitiveness. 

Goethe says nothing is more significant of a man's character than 
what he finds laughable, and I may add, also, the kind of laugh. 
Rowdies may be known by their laugh on the street as far as they 
can be heard. Wise men and fools do not laugh alike, nor do 



The dreamy eye. Full of pleasure and 
animal enjoyment; but good-natured and 
thoughtful. Can love more than cne. 



Submissive, mild, discerning, penetrat- 
ing, and clear perception, but rather 
coquettish. 




The wanton eye. Inclined to desire and submit to licentious gratification. Lack of 
resistance to obstacles or opposing circumstances. Deficient in force of character and 
controlling influence. Observe the flatness of the eye and the distance between the eye- 
lid and eyebrow. 





The monogamic eye. ^Yide-awake, 
eager, active, very susceptible to sur- 
rounding impressions. Readily observe. 
Such eyes generally have much feminine 
expression in them. 



Expressive, speaking eye when ani- 
mated. Large language. Studious, in- 
quiring and watchful; but artful, mean, 
trickish and treacherous. The color is 
almost or quite black. 



SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 



33 



rough, ig-norant people laugh the same as the refined and intelli- 
gent. There is the suppressed, secretive laugh, in contrast to the 
loud and open. The giggling laugh, and the hearty, whole-souled 
laugh, are easily distinguished and recognized by observation and 
attention. There are few things more depressing to the mind and 
injurious to the body than grief, fretting and turning one's self into 
a sort of living sepulchre; and nothing more healthful than hearty, 
whole-souled laughter and a cheerful, contented mind. 

There is a time to laugh, however, and a time when it is im- 
proper. There are things worth laughing at, and things that are 
not. Sensible, intelligent people do not laugh unless they see or 
hear something worth laughing at; but silly, nonsensical people 
laugh at things that are not worth noticing — laugh when they 
should not, when there is nothing to laugh at, and even on sacred 
or serious occasions. 

Dimples in the cheek indicate a good-natured, lovable and 
merry disposition, fond of being petted, and susceptible to the 
charms of music. They are found only in round and full forms and 
with blonde or light complexions, not in the dark and angular faces. 
When seen in the chin, they are said to indicate a desire to be 
loved, love of society and a warm nature. 

Sagacity is indicated by a short, round neck, which seems set 
in the shoulders, as Dr. Simms, the physiognomist, justly observes. 
Napoleon Bonaparte, General Grant and D. L. Moody, the evangel- 
ist, are good illustrations. 

On general principles, large-boned people are more honest, solid 
and reliable than small-boned persons, and have more enduring 
constitutions and stronger characters, — like Lincoln, Jackson and 
the Duke of Wellington, the first and last being made up of 
more bone than any other material. The most useful animals to 
man, such as the horse, ox and camel, are large-boned, and have 
wonderful physical endurance; whereas some of the most useless 
and deceptive animals have small bones, though plenty of muscle, 
such as the fox, skunk, porcupine, panther, and animals of the cat 
tribe. Small-boned people, however, have more of the warm and 
social nature and are inclined more to music. 

All savage and destructive animals have heads formed on the 
broad and flat, or round principle, such as lions, tigers, leopards and 
rattlesnakes. All timid, docile and inoffensive animals have narrow 



34 



SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 



heads between the ears, and are generally long-faced, like the horse, 
deer, hare and rabbit. So men, as a rule, with wide heads from ear 
to ear, have more force, management and executive ability than 
men with thin heads. If the head is very broad and deficient in 
moral and intellectual faculties, then the possessor of such a head 
may, on provocation, become rough and brutal in his treatment of 
animals or other persons. But when a wide head is well balanced 
with the intellectual and moral organs, you have talent, worth and 
power combined. A person with such a head will try and develop, 
put into execution or carry out any new or general idea he may 
have — in other words, thoughts become actions. Hence, force, 
energy, policy, push, management and business ability or tact is 
generally found in such heads, though a man may have large energy, 
will-power, enterprise, ambition and business ability, where the 
head is long and of only natural width, as also a man with a wide 
head may be so constituted as to lack executive ability; the reader 
must take observations in order to discriminate for himself. 

There are three distinct forms of faces in the Caucasian race: 
the round, oblong, and pyriform or egg shape; each form having a 
character peculiar to itself. With the round, plump face we find 
contentment, ease, pleasing natures, willing to accommodate them- 
selves to others; they are yielding, pliable and easily pleased. Oblong 
form — strength of character, power, greatness, success, clear judg- 
ment and business talent. Pyriform — sensitive, brilliant, intense; 
inclined to be fickle or changeable, imaginative, quick, sharp and 
keen rather than powerful. 

Whenever a man aspires and claims to know or do something, 
or advocates any new truths or doctrines that are not fashionable 
or popular to the public mind, their prejudice will at once be 
aroused, and they will denounce him as a quack or humbug. On 
the same principle, when an individual assumes to know more on a 
given subject, and attempts or offers to give instruction to a con- 
ceited person, he will turn up his nose, despise and reject not only 
the information, however valuable it may be, but also the individual, 
and most likely, if in his power, hold the person up to ridicule and 
scorn, or when the opportunity is afforded, make all sorts of fun out 
of the subject and person. Such is generally the course of action 
Darsticd by people (of whom there are not a few) who are altogether 
too wise in their own c<3ni-tJ- 



Sternness, commanding, ability, au- 
thority, discernment, reflection, resist- 
ance, determination. Observ'e the pro- 
jecting, overhanging eyebrows. 



Love, modesty, tenderness. Repre- 
sents a character almost perfect as far as 
good, amiable and moral traits are con- 
cerned. 



Sound, mature understanding; full of plans and schemes; shrewd, thoughtful; policy 
and management of human nature; observe the drooping over the eyelid at the outer corner. 
Are apt to lie or evade the truth. 





Quick to perceive, wide-awake; im- 
pressibility; observe rapidly, but do not 
retain impressions long, or think intently. 
Good eyesight. 



The amorous, sensual, talkative and 
unprincipled eye. Apt to lead a fast life. 
Observe the fullness of the under eyelid. 
In the living eye the expression is wicked 
and insinuating. 



SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 



35 



A suspicious nature is generally found with a long, hooking 
nose and large human nature, a faculty located in the center and 
top of the forehead. If large secretiveness be added, you may be 
sure to find suspicion with such a nose. Such persons suspect, 
surmise or imagine the existence of something without any reason 
for so doing. Suspicion, therefore, is the opposite of faith, the 
nature of which is to believe a thing without evidence. Jealousy, 
the mind's toothache, that gnawing worm that eats out the happi- 
ness of thousands, arises from a mixture of suspicion and a desire 
to be loved. The latter condition being indicated by the indented 
or dimpled chin. Many husbands and wives keep themselves and 
their companions in a state of mental torture through their un- 
founded and cruel suspicions. 

Revenge, or retaliation, will generally be found in persons hav- 
ing a hollow in the center of the forehead; also in dark races, or 
individuals of dark hair and complexion. The dark races are cer- 
tainly more inclined to revenge than the light. An implacable 
disposition may be read in the protruding under lip. 

A strong social nature is shown in open, protruding, red lips, 
especially when the cheeks are full, the abdomen large, and the eyes 
bright, large and expressive. The individual may be quite sociable 
without all these conditions, but rest assured where you see small 
eyes and compressed and thin lips you will find a lack of real social 
nature, that kind of nature that is spontaneous, warm and demon- 
strative. You must make a distinction between a friendly, sympa- 
thetic nature, that can be warmed up on certain occasions, and 
manifest friendship toward those they become thoroughly ac- 
quainted with, and that Christ-like, outgoing nature that has a 
kind word and hearty shake of the hand for the stranger as well as 
the friend. Cats and dogs are sociable when they become ac- 
quainted, and human beings ought to be a step in advance, a de- 
gree above animals, and be sociable without friendship acquaint- 
ance. 

The largest and most active organ or organs of the brain will 
determine the general tone or character of conversation. Thus, if 
approbativeness is the ruling faculty, the social conversation of 
those possessing it will be chiefly about themselves, their own busi- 
ness and social affairs, or those relatives, friends and acquaintances 
they may feel it to be a credit or benefit to themselves to speak of. 



36 



SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 



If amativeness and conjugality are the largest they will talk much 
about the opposite sex, courtship, marriage and love affairs in all 
their various phases. What people think about the most, they 
Hke to talk about when they have the opportunity. If they are 
intelligent they will talk intellectually. If really pious they will 
love to talk on religious subjects. If very social they will talk 
about social topics. If wicked and licentious they will say wicked 
things, and their conversation will be too dirty, filthy and foul to 
listen to. I have known even Christian men to tell some of the 
most licentious and corrupting stories I ever heard. Who can cal- 
culate the number of young minds that are poisoned and may be 
ruined by evil communications.'' One smutty story will do more 
harm than a dozen sermons will do good, and will cling to the 
memory longer than anything that is good. Men are punished for 
writing, publishing and selling obscene literature; and ought not 
any man or woman to be arrested and punished in some way for 
giving vent to vile ideas in verbal language.f* Men who curse and 
swear, and write smut on the walls and doors of public and private 
places should be severely punished; it is degrading to the lowest 
degree, and springs from a corrupt mind. The perverted condition 
of the love propensity is the cause of all moral filth, swearing in- 
cluded. 

Although much has been done to enable us to perceive the 
character and disposition of the mind from external signs in the 
^' body, there is need of other discoveries. The same faculties mani- 
fest themselves in various ways in different persons. It is the 
education of the faculties, or lack of it, that makes up the diversity 
of their manifestations as much or more than the faculties them- 
selves. Hence the phrenologist, before he can be perfect, must 
discover a method by which he can determine or read in what 
manner and under what influence each faculty has been developed. 
I believe that these conditions, and the pecuHar disposition of each 
person imparted by the animal propensities (or the organs lying 
at the base and interior of the brain), must be observed from the 
expression of the countenance. 

Persons with a long spine will be found somewhat repulsive in 
character. Serpents have long spines and are repulsive. 



The Celestial or Baby nose; mild, 
docile and amiable disposition; likewise 
indicative of female character. The op- 
posite of the Jewish or Roman nose. 
Observe its concave shape. 




The Jewish nose; commercial, trad- 
ing, speculating; love of money, property, 
etc. Slow to act, suspicious and reserved. 
Observe the width of the lower part of the 
nose, where it joins the nostril; also the 
convex outline. 



1 




A well formed nose, indicating strength and development of character; long-headed. 
Observe the sign of originality, as seen in the drooping septum. It renders a person 
rather odd, and unlike any one else in their way of saying and doing things. Are partic- 
ularly interested in anything new — new theories, plans, sciences, etc. Quite reformatory 
in character. 



EXPRESSION. 



How it is caused or produced — Perfection of Character — What the Organic Quality does — 
Lines and Expression around the Mouth — Fine Features— What gives the Eyes 
their individual and peculiar look — Fascinating Power of the Eye — What Persons 
notice most in others — What the Face, as a whole, reveals — Language of the Chin 
— Formation of the Jaws in relation to Will Power — The Mouth, the Nose, the 
Eyes — Meaning of the words Mind, Spirit and Soul — What the Eyes express — 
Black Eyes — Light Eyes — Round Eyes — Flat Eyes — What the Hair indicates — The 
different Colors and Quality — A properly developed Character — How to Think right 
— The Lips, and what they indicate — Signs of Character in the Walk — Restless, 
craving, passionate Natures — Gum-chewing Women. 



It is the exercise of the faculties that gives expression to the 
face; and as no two persons have exactly a corresponding combina- 
tion of faculties and temperaments, so there are no two persons pos- 
sessing the same look, appearance or likeness. Each faculty stamps 
its own peculiar language upon the countenance. A dormant 
faculty makes little or no impression upon the face. It leaves a 
vacancy; the language of that faculty is not there. Active benev- 
olence gives a beaming, urbane look; agreeableness imparts a win- 
ning, pleasing look; amativeness, a fascinating look, but if perverted, 
a lascivious, tempting and wicked look; resistance and firmness, a 
set, stern look; language, an expressive appearance around the eye; 
ideality, a beautiful look; self-esteem, a dignified look; causality, a 
thoughtful look; and so on. The larger and more active the faculty, 
the more marked v;ill be its character upon the face. But it is the 
combination of all the faculties that gives the identical, definite look 
to each individual. Hence, the secret of reading a person by the 
face is in the ability to discern, by mere expression, what faculties 
or quaHties of mind are pictured on the countenance, and to dis- 
cover whether they are used in a proper direction or in a perverted 
manner. We are attracted or repelled according to the language 
of the faculties we most admire; and I suppose we like to see in 
others the same qualities of mind we possess ourselves. Is not this 
the theory and secret of love ? 



EXPRESSION. 



Perfection of character depends on the perfection and harmonious 
development of all the organs of the mind and body. They must 
all be of equal size and strength. The temperaments and the or- 
ganic quality must also be equally combined. 

The greater any given organ or faculty, the greater will be its 
power, its capacity of enjoyment, and the more will it require to 
receive satisfaction. 

It is the organic quality that gives tone, grade and value to one's 
character, talents, feelings and thoughts. If that condition is large, 
the whole nature, physical and mental, is of a high type and stand- 
ard; but if deficient, then it is altogether low and common, and the 
mind is more of an animal and earthly nature, no matter what may 
be the size of the organs. The faculty of conscientiousness cannot 
be relied upon, as it may be led by the selfish propensities and animal 
desires. Mirthfulness, with such an organization, would manifest 
itself in foolish jesting, and, if destructiveness was also prominent, 
would delight in tormenting other persons or dumb animals, just 
for fun; but in a higher nature, mirthfulness would be intelligent 
wit. Amativeness and conjugality, with a high and finely-developed 
organism, would be pure, true, exalted and spiritual love; but with 
the opposite condition, would be common, tending to a mere animal 
feeling, even if moral - -and if not moral, would be low, base and 
degrading in its influence; and so with all the faculties of the 
human mind. In observing character, therefore, the organic quality 
is the first thing to be observed, as that is the foundation upon 
which the whole man is built, and the key that unlocks the entire 
character. 

The lines and expression around the mouth betray and reveal 
the state of the heart, as to whether it is good-natured, mean, sar- 
castic, sensual, refined, peaceful, happy, disappointed, sour, etc. 

The finer the features, the smoother and more delicate the hair,, 
and, also, the same condition of the mind and feelings. A rough 
face, a rough mind or character. There are different kinds of rough- 
ness, however; the reader must learn to distinguish between that 
kind of roughness which indicates power or strength, and that 
which reveals simply a coarse or low mind. One thing necessary 
in reading character is the ability to discern the size and relative 
proportions of all the faculties, and to tell the kind of feeling and 
talent different combinations of faculties will produce — just the 




The tunied-up nose. Pert; quick to 
feel, think and act. Easily offended over 
trivial things. Not much force of charac- 
ter. If the point is sharp, have a scolding 
disposition and fiery temper. 




The Roman nose; generalship, long, 
headed, far-seeing; combative; great force 
of mind; argumentative, opposing, resist- 
ing, conquering and subduing. Observe 
the convea shape, which is always indica- 
tive of a combative spirit in some form. 




The peculiarity of this nose is that it all seems to be crowded down to the point. It 
projects far out from the lip, but does not turn up or down. It is an uncommon nose; 
and after considerable study, I noticed and concluded that it belonged only to persons 
having a clear, natural insight into business affairs, being able to see what will pay, and 
make it a success, imparting what I propose to call business sceiti, for such a man caii 
smell business as easily as a dog can smell and trace his master. 



EXPRESSION. 



39 



same as an artist can tell what color a combination of other colors 
will produce; or the chemist what will be the effect of a mixture of 
different chemicals, or of the same colors and chemicals in different 
proportions. 

The round, smooth, baby-looking faces have not the force and 
strength of character that the rough, angular and uneven face has; 
and when the lines are deep and the features or prominences of the 
face strongly marked, you may expect to find originality of thought 
and profundity of mind, with distinguished character of some kind; 
but in the smooth, unwrinkled face, look out for a feeble mind. By 
feeble I do not mean idiotic, but rather weak, lacking depth and 
power. There are a great many baby-looking faces in the world, 
and such persons rarely amount to anything beyond a common- 
place life and character — are too fickle and childish in their tastes 
and sentiments. 

In the mental process of reading a person, we first perceive the 
expression, and from that conceive the character. Perception 
arises from the action of the perceptive faculties, located immedi- 
ately over the eyes and nose; conception, from the reflective facul- 
ties, located in the upper part of the forehead. In the central part 
of the forehead are located most of the literary faculties. 

It is the largest and most predominating trait of character that 
gives to the eyes their peculiar look — that expressive cast, that 
which we most notice and are influenced by; hence, the expression 
of the eye changes as fast as our thoughts change and the different 
faculties are brought into action. The eyes, therefore, become a 
mirror in which are pictured, as they come and go, all the thoughts, 
feelings, emotions and passions of the soul. How easy it is to see 
the presence of anger, joy, sadness! So, in like manner, if we study 
until we become familiar with the different kinds of expression, we 
can observe the language of every change and condition of the mind. 

What a magnetic or fascinating appearance is imparted to the 
eye when lit up by active amativeness, agreeableness and approba- 
tiveness! Secretiveness and mirthfulness are likewise conspicu- 
ously manifested in the eye. 

Whatever persons notice most in others clearly indicates the 
ruling trait of character in themselves. If they notice dress in 
preference to anything else, then dress is their chief desire. If 
words ar'd actions are criticised, then it is character and quality of 



40 



EXPRESSION. 



mind that is predominant in the observer. Artists notice features, 
expressions and beauty; fashionable and amative persons notice 
the style and physique of individuals, and so on; each one trying 
\o find in others what is a reflex of his own mind. 

The face, as a whole, with its accompanying- expression, reveals 
one's nature and animal propensities. It likewise shows whether 
the faculties are active or passive, while the head shows their size 
and proportion to each other. Every feature of the face has its 
appropriate manifestation. The forehead portrays the amount of 
intellect. The chin tells us how much virility, ardor, intensity and 
the ^znd of affectionate desire one possesses. The mouth shows 
how much affection one has — whether friendly, sociable, warm- 
hearted or the reverse. The nose represents the selfish traits and 
propensities^^ — those qualities of mind that make men bold, fearless, 
aggressive, far-seeing, defensive, determined and accumulative. 
But the eyes — those two magnetic stars — what do they mean.? 
That is a question, reader, easier asked than answered. There seems 
to be a mystery about the eyes which has never yet been explained. 
What a depth of meaning, what a mine, what a store-house, in 
which seem to be deposited things good and bad ! How anxiously 
we look into them and try to discover what is behind! If we 
could only read the thoughts they convey! And what a mental 
effort we sometimes make to do so ! But, after all, we have to give 
it up; they are too much like a policeman's lantern — the longer we 
look, the more blinded and confused we become. To see through 
a thing and discover what is behind, is not so easy as to get behind 
and see what is ahead. 

Two things, however, are evident: First, all eyes are not alike; 
second, they do not affect us in the same manner nor exercise the 
same power over us, neither do any two individuals. I therefore 
conclude that the eyes reveal (or are an index of) the kind, quality 
and nature of the mind, spirit and soul. These three words are 
sometimes used to express one and the same thing, yet each word 
has its peculiar, specific meaning". 

Mind is used to designate the intellect or understanding — the 
mental process of thinking, willing and choosing; also, inclination, 
desire, intent, purpose. Mind may likewise be termed the opera- 
tion of the spirit upon the faculties, bringing them into activity. 

The word spirit means life, ardor, vivacity; great activity or 



Ascerbity, moroseness; crusty, stringent, self-important; not easily imposed upon. 
Lack sociability and affection. Have much self-control, and not inclined to dissipation. 
Observe the lips are thin and compressed. Generally very economical, or stingy and 
mean. 




Dissatisfaction; sour; over-particular; more nice than wise. Poor lips for 
kissing, and the form scarcely human. 




Coarseness; common mind; the affections more passive than 
active; given to sensual thoughts. 




Sedate, serious turn of mind; lack of mirthfulness; deficient in character; common, 
mean, with a little vanity; sarcastic. Mouths that droop 
at the corners never laugh much. 



I 



The upper lip is projecting over the under lip. Such mouths represent a disposition 
in their owners to impress themselves strongly upon others; are advancing in manner and 
behavior, and have generally considerable conceit, egotism or vanity. 




Immodest, indelicate, fond of a gay and fast life, luxurious living; high glee. 




Sportive, somewhat cynical; passive affection denoted in 
the lower lip. Liable to be fast. 



jSIirthful and slightly sarcastic; upper lip too thin in proportion to the lower, hence 
the affections are not well balanced. May receive caresses or kisses, but care little about 
giving them. Turned up corners indicate a laughing disposition. 



EXPRESSION. 



41 



peculiar characteristics of mind and temper; disposition of mind, 
intellectual or moral state, cheerfulness, enterprise. It may also be 
used to indicate the highest principle in man. 

By soul, we mean any noble manifestation of the heart or moral 
nature; the seat of life and action; the rational and emotional part 
of man's nature. Of course, these definitions are intended to rep- 
resent the spirit as connected with the body. In my chapter on 
Modern Christianity, I shall give a new and more thorough descrip- 
tion of the differences between mind, spirit and soul. 

From the above definitions, I presume it will be clear to the 
reader what is meant by the mind, spirit, soul, or whatever you 
choose to name that part of man manifested in the eye. And here 
let me say that the quality or nature of the soul, as to whether it is 
pure and exalted, or gross and low, can be determined by the 
organic quality. 

The eyes, therefore, express every emotion of the soul, the 
quality of the soul and its present moral condition. They seem to 
be the window through which every faculty peeps out. Eyes differ 
in color, form, size and rapidity of motion. 

Black eyes are deep as the ocean, artful, crafty, treacherous, re- 
vengeful — a smoldering fire that may burst into a full blaze at a 
moment's notice. They are generally retiring and reserved, and 
sometimes full of deviltry. The ways of a wicked person with 
black eyes are past finding out. So much for the bad qualities. 
The good qualities belonging to black or dark eyes are frankness, a 
confiding disposition, affection, plain-speaking, truthfulness, and a 
good degree of power, determination and force of character. Many 
black eyes are beautiful, magnetic in their effect, and indicative of 
a true, noble character. But, reader, never trifle with such, nor play 
any mean tricks with them, or they may take fearful revenge; you 
can go just so far, but no farther; and once aroused, they give no 
quarter and know no such thing as mercy. I remember a small, 
handsome-looking woman, with large, black eyes, who put on con- 
siderable style, and presented the appearance of a delicate, lady-like 
woman. Those black full moons of hers had captivated four or five 
young men, to whom she had promised her hand in marriage. One 
of them did not exactly like that kind of fun, and so followed her up, 
causing her to apprehend danger. While talking with her upon 
the subject, she declared if he came near her she would shoot him^ 



42 



EXPRESSION. 



I replied, she certainly would not have the courage to shoot a man, 
when she coolly walked over to her bureau and took out a pistol, 
remarking, in an emphatic manner, "Wouldn't I?" I concluded 
she would. Another black-eyed woman told me that if she ever 
found out her husband was not true to her, she would certainly 
shoot him. 

Small, flat, light eyes are cunning, evasive, sly, manoeuvering, 
deceitful; apt to lie, cheat, and with acquisitiveness, steal. Their 
deceitfulness is different from that of black eyes. Light eyes resort 
to a good deal of device, contrivance and stratagem. They are full 
of tactics, policy and management, and can keep things to them- 
selves, with little or no desire to impart them to others, unless it is 
something that weighs terribly upon the mind. Black eyes are not 
good at keeping secrets. They may, through conscientiousness or 
friendship, keep things committed to them as a secret trust; but 
should enmity ever arise, they may betray you. 

Light eyes would not speak a thing right out, but work to your 
disadvantage in an underhanded way — at the same time pretending 
probably to be your friend, and making themselves quite agreeable; 
but the black eye would come right out, declare war and open fire. 
Light-eyed enemies are snakes in the grass; black-eyed ones will 
show their enmity, and fight in the open field, though they may 
have a very treacherous way of doing it — something like the Indian, 
for instance. The fact that Indians fight behind trees as much as 
possible, or some other defensive place, is because that is their mode 
of life and warfare, and their only means of protection against a 
trained and armed military company. What I wish to impress 
upon the reader is, that they do not conceal their feelings, and pre- 
tend to be friendly when they are not. Light eyes conceal their 
character, their feelings, emotions, intentions and purposes, and, 
though they may hate and despise a person, will seldom manifest 
it unless in some manner compelled to do so. There are, however, 
many amiable, devoted women among this class, as well as men, 
having strong, silent love, with tenderness and sympathy. The 
conditions peculiar to both kinds of eyes are all right if governed 
by the intellect and moral faculties; but, when perverted, then look 
out for their evil manifestations, as already described. In the full, 
open blue eye, you may expect to find a mild and good character. 

The more round the eye, the easier will it receive impressions, 



EXPRESSION. 



43 



observe and gather ideas; and the sooner, also, will such impres- 
sions be lost or forgotten. The narrower the eye, the slower will 
it be in gathering facts, receiving ideas, or coming to a conclusion; 
but its possessor will retain knowledge much longer after it is 
acquired, and such persons are slower but more deliberate in judg- 
ment. Small eyes, especially in children, are dull and slow to learn; 
while large are quick to perceive, full of life and vivacity. The 
brighter the eye, the more will the individual resemble his or her 
mother. Eyes that are slow to move, are slow in thought and act; 
while eyes that move rapidly belong to minds that are wide-awake 
and quick as lightning. 

The hair indicates fineness or coarseness of temperament and 
feeling, also tone and st'-ength of character and constitution. 
Auburn hair denotes quick susceptibilities. Black hair is accom- 
panied with the bilious temperament, which gives power, strength 
and endurance. Light hair means delicacy, fineness and lighter 
tone of character — almost the opposite of black hair. Red hair 
belongs to the sanguine temperament, gives intense feelings, and a 
fiery, ardent, hot-blooded and passionate nature. If curly, ctiiO- 
tional and impulsive. Straight hair denotes mildness or tameness 
of nature. 

Red-haired persons should pursue out-door employment, as they 
need aP the pure air they can get. Fine, light-haired persons can 
pursue -xny light or in-door business, but are not adapted for heavy 
work. Dark-haired persons can endure a considerable amount of 
labor of aln^ost iiw kind. The coarser the hair, the more so the 
incHvidual in thought, feeUng and manner, and vice versa. 

Men of properly developed and prominent character are so 
marked in their appearance, that, once seen, they can be easily 
recognized anywhere; whereas common-place persons are more 
difficult to distinguish and remember. 

He who does not vary the intonation of the voice in speaking 
lacks self-control. There is a vast difference in the voice of per- 
sons, and a wonderful amount of character is revealed in its tones. 
We can distinguish an adult from a child, and a male from a female, 
simply by the voice. I shall never forget a lady I heard trying to 
awaken her sleeping husband, one morning, in a room adjoining 
mine. There was so much tenderness, sweetness and music in her 
voice, that the tones seem to be fixed in my memory. The voice 



44 



EXPRESSION. 



needs cultivation, as well as the muscles, and organs of the brain. 
The development of character will modify the voice, and the study 
of vocal music and elocution will improve it. 

Men cannot think and act rightly on any subject, or have clear 
and proper ideas, unless all their faculties are brought into active 
and equal use. 

It is the mental, passional and emotional temperaments com- 
bined, that give energy, go-aheadativeness, impulsiveness and in- 
tensity of feeling and action. They cause a person to throw the 
whole soul into whatever is to be done, especially in speaking, 
acting or writing. 

A person with a healthy and equally-balanced condition of 
faculties and vital organs attracts (or causes people, things and 
circumstances to succumb or place themselves under his influence 
or at his command) without any special effort; while an individual 
having an organization which is the reverse, could not, with special 
effort, secure the same results and power. 

When the lips have a pure, fresh, cherry-red appearance, the 
blood is in the same condition, and the health good; but if they 
look dry, scabby, blue and sickly, the blood is in a very bad state. 

Lips that are full and red, having a cushioned appearance, indi- 
cate a strong social nature, or a great amount of affection, and fond- 
ness for caressing and kissing. When the red part of both lips is 
fully and evenly developed, that is, tolerably thick and well rounded 
out, the affections will be more harmonious and evenly developed, 
and the person will love to kiss and be kissed; but if the lower lip 
only is full, and the upper lip comparatively thin, the individual may 
enjoy and submit to being kissed, especially if a lady, but care little 
about kissing others (babies excepted). 

Lips that are thin and compressed are wanting in affection, and 
indicate their possessor to be cold-hearted, deficient in sociability, 
and stringent, but having much self-control. 

Lips that are naturally open, exposing the upper teeth, may mean 
laxity of the passions, or a desire to be praised, or both. 

Be on your guard with the individual whose mouth has a dis- 
gusting appearance, a sarcastic expression, objectionable lines 
around it, or one corner drawn up more than the other, unless 
by injury. 



Common, vulgar, lack of refinement, and neither voluptuous nor affectioiate. 
The Ksthetical nature deficient. 




Cold as an iceberg. Stiff, set, precise; 
considerable self-control, but not much 
affection. Observe the thinness of the 
lower lip, also a lack of curvature and 
fullness in the middle, so essential as the 
sign of an affectionate and sociable dis- 
position. 



The perfect mouth. Love for that 
which is beautiful and tasty. Indicative 
of a whole-souled and generous nature. 
Good disposition, strong affection; desire 
for caressing and kissing. The affections 
both active and passive. A sociable and 
warm nature. 



Showing the under lip protruding beyond the upper. The fullness of the lower lip 
represents strong, active affections; but its protruding condition signifies a tendency in the 
disposition of such persons to draw others to them, to cause them to succumb to their 
terms, desires and requirements; a kind of holding back on their part, keeping in reserve^ 
though, at the same time, aggi-essive in spirit. 



EXPRESSION. 



45 



A very large mouth denotes animalism, coarseness or vulgarity; 
a straight mouth, a common or undeveloped character — nothing of 
the beautiful and artistic. Large mouths, however, are essential to 
good speakers, giving flexibility, so that they can express them- 
selves easily. 

With the large mouth we frequently find strength of character 
and talent; whereas, in the small mouth, there is generally over- 
much modesty and shallow sentiment; are apt to carry their civil- 
ized ideas of nicety and delicacy too far; seem to live in their minds 
more than in their bodies. Some one has said that a "blue and thin- 
lipped woman will bore you to death with literature or woman's 
rights theories, while you want your dinner, or spoil your temper 
by their red-hot, scolding tongues;" but that will^depend somewhat 
on other combinations: if she has a masculine temperament, such 
may be the case, because there would not be much congeniality 
in her nature. If the mouth is coarse as well as large, there will 
either be much sensuality or strong, coarse points of character that 
will render life with such a person anything but pleasant. 

There is considerable character manifested in the chin, as it in- 
dicates the force and strength of the mind in connection with the 
nature and peculiarities of the affections. The connection between 
the Latin word mentum for chin, and mens for mind, is certainly 
suggestive, especially as mindless animals have no chin. Search 
the entire animal kingdom and you cannot find a perfect or well- 
formed chin as seen in the human family; and, though animals un- 
doubtedly have understanding and a certain amount or kind of 
reason, they evidently have not the power or capacity for compara- 
tive, deductive and logical reasoning. The less chin a person has, 
or the more it recedes toward the neck, the less persistence and 
mind force there is; the more it advances or projects from the level 
of the face, the more persistence and tenacity of mind there will be. 
A sharp, narrow, round, pointed chin belongs to persons of very 
tender but intense affections, who keenly feel the loss of loved 
friends, take things to heart easily, and are possessed of a weak 
heart physically as well as mentally. But in the broad, full chin 
you will find a stronger heart, more vigorous and powerful circula- 
tion of blood, and, therefore, a much stronger and less easily affected 
love nature. The affections are less sensitive and not so easily bro- 
ken or crushed in the broad, round, full chin as they are in the small, 



46 



EXPRESSION. 



round, pointed chin. In fact there is more vigor and power to the 
affections and will in a large or broad, full, prominent chin than 
there is to a small one, no matter what the shape may be, whether 
round or square at the point. The narrow, round, pointed chin 
means desire for affinity and congeniality; gives much intensity 
of feeling, but less power and consistency. The broad, round, 
pointed chin is perhaps the most perfect form, as it indicates good 
heart power, and strong, constant, enduring love for the object of 
its affections. The narrow, square chin, means a desire to love or 
bestow the affections on some other person. The broad, square 
chin, a more violent, erratic, and powerful state of the affections, 
which needs controlHng. In the indented chin there is a longing 
desire on the part of its possessor to be loved, are unhappy unless 
they have the affections of some person; and, when they have not, 
are apt to make love themselves in order to secure a lover, even if 
the individual with such a chin should be a lady. 

A prominent, pointed chin signifies ardor and impulsiveness in 
regard to the affections. A deficient or receding chin denotes a 
lack of virility. 

The lower jaw taken as a whole indicates the various states of 
will power. There seem to be three elements or parts that 
constitute the entire will, viz.: persistence or perseverance, obsti- 
nacy and contrariness. It is possible, however, that the two last 
elements of will may be one and the same thing manifested in a 
different way; nevertheless, we find three conditions of the will 
manifested in three well known animals, and their jaws are all dif- 
ferently formed. First, there is the hog kind of will, shown by the 
width of the jaw in the back part; secondly, the mule and jackass 
will, shown by the drooping of the jaw in the rear part, in contrast 
to the jaw of the horse and other animals the opposite in will power; 
and thirdly, the bulldog will, shown in the long, forward-projecting 
chin, in contrast to that of the wolf When a bulldog gets hold of 
a person or thing, he means business and persists in hanging on. 
So in human life; we find some people who are persistent and per- 
severing in their efforts to accomplish success or gain an object; 
while others, wolf-like, snap at d thing and instantly let go; others, 
again, are as headstrong, unyielding and stubborn as any mule or 
jackass, especially when they cannot have their own way. This is a 
good trait of character, however, when properly used and not per- 



MR. SHOREY, a Baltimore Photographer. 



A plain, unassuming, common-sense man. He is one of the most neighborly, liberal, 
social and good-natured men I have met in my travels. Some people are honey and 
smiles to your face for a few moments, but in reality glad when they see you make your 
exit from the door. This man is not one of that kind, and though the face shows a serious 
and somewhat harsh expression, there is an honest, earnest, always-the-same, kind of look 
mingled with it, hence he never pretends to be what he is not. 



•v 



I 



EXPRESSION. 47 

verted, as it gives stability and unflinching principle to the character; 
but in domestic and business life it is too frequently used in the 
wrong- way. Another class of people are just like, or as contrary and 
perverse as the hog. The moment they discover you want them to 
do a certain thing or pursue a certain course, they are sure to do or 
take the opposite. ' They seem to delight in thwarting others in 
their plans and purposes. All three conditions of the will can be 
properly and improperly used, and if each person used his will to 
control himself as much as he does others, the world, or the people 
in it, would be a good deal better physically, intellectually and 
morally. 

Many persons think the nose of very little importance in read- 
ing character, but it is just the opposite. It represents masculine 
and feminine qualities more than any other feature — shows how 
much power and force of mind one has, and how much of the com- 
mercial, aggressive and martial spirit — shows whether one is long- 
headed enough to see into a mill-stone, or no farther than the point 
of his nose. It shows whether the character is weak or strong, 
whether the disposition is of a turn-up or turn-down nature. If the 
nose is concave and turned up a little at the point, whenever such 
persons become offended (and such individuals take offense easily) 
they will manifest a sort of turn-up, go-off, get-away, leave-you- 
alone sort of spirit, and act as if they were afraid to have anything 
more to say or do with the offender. Certain animals will act in a 
similar manner. Take pussy, for instance. Do something she does 
not like, and she goes off to another part of the room, and looks at 
you in a half-frightened, suspicious manner, as much as to say, "You 
contemptible thing, what do you mean and why do you do that V 
For the turned-up nose has likewise an inquisitive disposition; but 
pussy never seeks revenge by making any attack upon you at any 
future time, nor has she just the kind of nose I have been describ- 
ing; nor do human beings with this kind of nose seek retaliation or 
revenge in the future — they are generally contented to leave one 
severely alone. But the convex nose, turning down at the point, 
in eagle fashion, is just the opposite. Do them an injury or an 
imaginary evil, and they will wait for an opportunity to pounce upon 
you like an eagle upon its prey — not physically, perhaps, but in 
some manner they will take the advantage of you; it may be in a 
business transaction, or in the way of an injury to your character. 



48 



EXPRESSION. 



The story of the tailor and the elephant somewhat illustrates this 
shade of character. A tailor was in the habit of tormenting an 
elephant by pricking him with his needle. The elephant did not 
resent it at the time, but went away to a pool of the dirtiest water 
he could find, and sucking up all he could carry in his proboscis, 
returned to the tailor and gave him the benefit of a good ducking. 
While examining a person having a nose of this description, I re- 
marked that, if a person took any advantage of him or did him an 
injury, he would try to get even with him some time, if it was fifty 
years afterwards. The subject replied that he would if it were a 
hundred years afterwards. Such persons never forget an injury. 

So significant a feature has the nose been that persons have fre- 
quently been noted and even named from peculiarities of the nose. 
For instance, Cicero was a nick-name; the real name of the great 
Roman orator was Marcus Tullius, to which was added the agnomen, 
Cicero^ from the word Cicer^ a vetch or kind of chick-pea, on ac- 
count of the shape or some other peculiarity of his nose, or the 
noses of his progenitors. So also the poet Ovid, or Publius Ovidius, 
was called Naso, from his prominent nose. 

Moral courage is indicated by a long nose that stands well out 
from the face in the upper part joining the forehead; also giving a 
wide space between the eye-brows, as seen in the picture of Luther. 
Such persons will stand firm and uphold any moral truth or prin- 
ciple though all the world oppose, and such a character had Luther, 
the great reformer. 

The desire to climb and ascend high places, such as hills, mount- 
ains, towers and steeples, may be known by a nose that stands well 
out from the face in its lower part, and inclines slightly upward at 
the point. The mind of such a person will also have a progressive 
j'.nd upward tendency, will desire to rise in the scale of humanity, 
will, in short, be lofty-minded. Especially will the latter be true 
if the individual is endowed with a large amount of the organic 
quality. 

The convex nose also indicates combativeness — the opposing, 
resisting, fighting and energetic spirit. 

When the central part of the nose, where it joins the face, is 
wide, it indicates a commercial spirit, love of money or property, 
and desire to accumulate. When narrow, it means deficiency in 
that respect. When the nose is broad at the wings and sharp at 



E. D. ORMSBY, Photographer, 

OF CALIFORNIA. 

This head is a good illustration of the masculine and feminine temperaments about 
equally combined; hence he possesses the characteristics of both sexes. He has the in- 
tuition, penetration, susceptibility, and genileness of a woman, and the power, strength, 
energy, perseverance of a man. Has a well balanced head, and is well adapted for the 
finer pursuits of life. He has a rare combination of business ability and the artistic, and 
is therefore likely to be successful in almost anything he undertakes. The drooping of 
one corner of the eyelid over the eye indicates natural shrewdness, policy, and the ability 
to handle customers in a business way. His physiological condition is splendid, and his 
appearance is a picture of almost perfect health, though not so much of that iron consti- 
tution that some possess. He is a natural reader of human nature, and knows just how 
to take people, because he understands their peculiarities. Is liberal minded, whole- 
souled and genial, but careful and economical in business matters, as moderately thin 
and prim lips indicate. The whole expression represents a mind bright, active, wide- 
awake and intelligent. 



EXPRESSION. 



49 



the point, there is also a lo\'e of money, with a tendency to be close, 
or make by saving and cutting down expenses. When broad at the 
wings and hooked at the point, there is a desire to make money by 
speculation or unfair means. 

The nose that stands well out from the face and of the Grecian 
type, indicates a love of the beautiful, or the aesthetic nature. A 
long nose indicates a long-headed, far-seeing, shrewd, scheming, 
planning mind. Are generally quick to read human nature, and are 
cautious but not always the most reliable or trustworthy. 

Whenever you see a bump or prominence in the center of a per- 
son's nose, you may know they are inclined to argue, combat, resist, 
oppose or defend in some way or other; will also manifest much 
energy in business or any enterprise they may be engaged in. 
When the prominence is high up on the nose, near the frontal sinus 
or forehead, it indicates an aggressive spirit. When it is near the 
point of the nose, it means personal defense, protection of one's 
rights, property and person, and also betrays considerable selfish- 
ness, especially in business affairs. Such a nose will always look 
out for self. 

Where the nostrils are wide open it is a sign of good lung and 
breathing power; when narrow, a deficiency. 

The manner of walking corresponds and harmonizes with the 
habits and disposition. A slouch and a sloven hang out their signs 
ds they walk. A man of ambition, energy and hope will walk 
rapidly, briskly and take long steps. 

The man who has much firmness and precision in his character 
will have just that kind of a walk. 

Those who have an easy, graceful walk, will do thing-s in like 
manner; while those who seem to make an effort to walk, work and 
labor as if it were a task. 

Beware of persons who, when viewed from behind, have a sort 
of mean, shuffling, secretive kind of Avalk. They move along as 
though they were afraid to use their legs. 

Those who step heavily on the heel generally have much solidity 
and firmness of character. Those who walk tip-toe fashion are 
fond of dancing and prone to the sentimental side of life. Those 
who have a springy, up-and-down step, are happy, hopeful natures, 
but apt to be unbalanced mentally; in other words, have rooms to 
rent in the upper story. 



50 



EXPRESSION. 



Those who walk very lightly may have a light, mirthful, senti- 
mental kind of character, or possess secretiveness or cautiousness, 
or all combined. 

A person who is overflowing with conceit, egotism and vanity, 
will not only show it in the face and eyes, but in the dignified, self- 
complacent, pompous, I-don't-care kind of a walk. The head will 
also be erect or slightly elevated. A man who is brim-full of bus- 
iness, walks in a hurried and somewhat excited manner; while one 
A^ho has made a fortune and retired, walks along cool, easy, leis- 
urely and indifferent. 

Large self-esteem and firmness will not only cause their possess- 
or to walk erect and stand straight, but also to sit erect, scarcely 
bending the body in any position. Sitting or lounging in a careless 
manner generally denotes deficient self-esteem. 

Carnivorous animals have savage-looking eyes, but the herbiv- 
orous have mild and soft eyes. Contrast the eyes of the lion, tiger 
and hyena with the deer, gazelle, cow and horse. Mild, harmless, 
inoffensive people will have eyes that are mild and soft in expres- 
sion, but stern, severe, cruel and dangerous persons will have hard, 
savage, unkind and somewhat repulsive-looking eyes. 

The difference in the phrenological and physiognomical mani- 
festations of the same faculties is simply this: phrenology, or an 
examination of the head, reveals the latent power, or original 
strength of the faculties, while physiognomy or the expression 
of the face, shows the activity of the faculties and the manner in 
which they have been exercised, or the kind of education they 
have received, whether good or bad. The face, however, is much 
more expressive of feeling than it is of thought, especially that 
part of the face from the eyebrows downward. 

Persons who have a restless, craving, passionate nature, are 
never contented unless witnessing or taking part in something 
exciting, such as gambling, horse-racing, or any of the sporting 
games, attending some sensational play or fashionable ball — will 
indulge in stimulants of some kind, such as wines, liquors and to- 
bacco. A woman who chews gum and has httle ambition for any- 
thing else than to dress and attend fashionable, showy places of 
amusement, and visit drinking restaurants, has generally the same 
elements of character; and if she conveniently could, would go 
anywhere and everywhere that a man does. The common habit of 



tiXPRESSION. 



51 



picking the teeth indicates a sort of craving, uneasy nature, one 
fond of some kind of excitement. The constant practice of many 
in picking their teeth for half an hour after eating, and even be- 
tween meals, and swallowing all of the corrupt matter instead of 
ejecting it, is just about as dirty and irritating a practice as picking 
one's nose. Tooth-picking, gum-chewing, tobacco-chewing, and 
even smoking, are all exciting and injurious habits. No one of 
them beautify oi' lend any charm to the face or character. 



The high, open, receding eye-brow, showing great space between the upper eye-lid 
and brow, indicates a lack of resistance to opposing forces. A nature more easily ap- 
proached than the low, over-hanging eye-brow. Are apt to float along , with the current 
of life, rather than work their way through difficulties and obstacles that beset their path- 
way. This form of eye-brow also imparts a pleasing and inviting expression, causing a 
stranger to feel at ease when approaching or in the presence of such an eye. The droop- 
ing upper eye-lid, which recedes under the eye-bone, indicates strong amativeness ; but 
more spiritual than animal in its nature. 




This mouth shows a cold, stingy and selfish nature, with a large share of self-control, 
and combined with the nose, a tendency to be economical and make money. 



THE DEVIL'S EYE. 



I have given this name to the above eye because I do not know any word in the 
English language that will better convey to the mind of the reader such a variety of evil 
inclinations as the one I have selected; for if cunning, deceit, evasion, worldly wisdom, 
lying, trickery, guile and sensuality are characteristics of the Evil One, then I have cer- 
tainly chosen the right name, because all these propensities are shown in this eye ; 
especially when the color of the eye is black, or apparently so — for many eyes look blacker 
than they really are, especially at night. The peculiarity that marks this eye is the hanging 
fullness directly over the pupil and between the upper eye-lid and eye-brow. When, in 
addition to this, there is a crowding up toward the eyeball or pupil, of the under eye-lid, 
then the nature will be as licentious and lustful as that of the ape. Such eyes express 
almost everything but a pure-minded, frank, modest and guileless soul. They wink 'at 
immorality, eagerly peep and pry into things and persons of questionable reputation, and 
are generally bold and cheeky in doing it. Indeed, modesty is a lost virtue to such; they 
always see what they should not, especially if it savors of vice. Their curiosity to see 
and know is of the wrong kind and leads them in the wrong way. They will lie whenever 
it suits their convenience, and frequently when the truth would serve their purpose much 
better. The characteristics of such eyes are purely selfish, and are found largely in carniv- 
orous animals accustomed to guard and protect the body and provide for its wants by 
stealth and cunning. Some peculiarities of this eye are also found in the goat ; such as 
a roguish, artful and tricky disposition. Also in the eagle; imparting shrewdness, cunning, 
tact and quick perception. In the eagle these qualities assume a more dignified use or 
manifestation; and the good qualities of such an eye are seemingly to give a knowledge of 
things of a physical or material nature, a ready and instantaneous perception of the best 
way to accomplish an object or purpose, how to act to secure certain results, how to escape 
from danger, and what to do in moments of surprise and peril; gives one instantaneous 



knowledge as to the best thing to say or do for the time-being — making one as " wise as 
a serpent." If you will study the dispositions, characteristics and eyes with their sur- 
roundings, of serpents, eagles, goats, cats, foxes, tigers, lions, and all animals of that class, 
you will get a pretty good idea of what the above eye indicates. It is impossible to g^ve 
in an engraving the expression of the living, active eye, and the reader must determine 
how much deviltry is in a person having an eye like this, by noticing its active expression. 
Of course, if a person with an eye formed like this has a high development of the moral 
and intellectual faculties, which have been properly educated, the evil tendencies of such 
characteristics will be restrained and the individual will then be, in the language of the 
Scripture, "As wise as a serpent and as harmless as a dove." By the expression of such 
an eye, then, you must determine how much of the devil is behind it. 

Persons with this kind of eye have the archness, watchfulness, and wariness of the fox, 
and the simulation of the cat. They are always on the alert and quick to notice what is 
going on ; they can put on a sweet, pleasing, winsome look, even when at heart they are 
displeased. They can look — to a person not familiar with physiognomy — as meek as a 
lamb and as innocent as an angel, and at the same time be chock-full of deviltry. These 
are the characteristics which enable persons with such eyes to put so much expression in 
their faces, and to look their sweetest whenever they want to. This and similar eyes are 
generally found in good actresses. 

In probably nine persons out of ten with such eyes, one or more of these evil tenden- 
cies will be apparent in their characters and manifested in their everyday life. 



REASONS WHY 

YOU SHOULD 

Have Your Head Examined ! 



FIRST. — Because Phrenology is the simplest, most comprehensive and perfect system 
of Mental Philosophy the world has ever been blessed with. 

SECOND. — It is the only accurate standard by which you can measure yourself and 
know yourself, and learn how to develop the weak organs and faculties and restrain those 
that are too large, and make your character more even and consistent. 

THIRD. — It is the only science that will tell you in a few minutes what your talents 
are and what business, profession or calling in life you are best adapted for, thus directing 
you on the way to prosperity. Some people spend half a life-time trying to find out what 
they are fit for. What a waste of time and money ! 

FOURTH. — Because Phrenology and Physiognomy will guide you to a happy mar- 
riage and healthy offspring, or assist you to obtain these results after marriage. For two 
persons to marry without understanding whether their mental, social and physical natures 
are adapted to each other, is what makes marriage a mere lottery, and frequently paves 
the way for a life of misery either for themselves or their children. It will also assist you 
in the important duty of training children. Thousands of young people are ruined through 
not being trained right in early childhood. Parents should have their children's heads 
examined and learn the cause of their peculiarities. 

FIFTH. — Because it is of special value in understanding your physical condition, 
that you may avoid sickness and thereby save time, money and much suffering. Good 
health is more essential to happiness than wealth. I met a lady in my travels, worth a 
quarter of a million of dollars, but whose stomach was so weak that she dare not eat any 
solid food. To be without health and happiness makes life a burden. 

SIXTH. — Because in proportion as individuals understand themselves, as they ought 
to mentally and physically, that they may have sound minds in sound bodies, will com- 
munities and nations grow better and stronger, and crime, insanity and poverty decrease. 
Therefore, you owe it to yourself, to your friends, to society and to your country, to learn 
all you can of the inner man, that you may rise to your proper sphere in life, and fill it 
successfully. 

PRIVATE LESSONS ON THE ART OF READING CHARACTER BY THE FACE, 
ANY DAY OR EVENING. 

t^^Descriptions of Character, and Advice Given in Reference to Matrimony, from Photographs'^^ 

Prof. A. E. WILLIS, 

AUTHOR, PEACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST AND PHYSIOaNOMIST. 

You are Invited to call and see my Elegant Physiognomical display of Pictures, illus- 
trating all hinds of characters. 

835 BROADWAY, Cor. Thirteenth St., NEW YORK, 

Office Hours, from 9 A. M. till 6 P. M., and every Tuesday and Saturday Evening from 7 till 9 o'clock. 



(^UST E?UBL[ISHED. 



EROF. WILLIS' revised and enlarged work on Hufnan Nature and Physiognomy, more 
than double the size of the last edition, and elaborately illustrated. 
It is unlike any other work that has ever been written on Phrenology and Physiognomy. 
It is not a dry, prosy, technical book, that tires the mind and exhausts one's patience and 
interest. The many incidents and stories it contains make it as fascinating to read as any 
novel. Its descriptions of human life and character, explaining the underlying motives 
and principles of human conduct, excel any work of the kind hitherto published, and for 
practical instructions, adapted to every- day life in business, professions and trades, sur- 
passes any work now before the public. 

Persons who have read it, cheerfully pronounce it the best and most advanced work 
on the subject. One person remarked that he was reading it the third time ; another that 
he sat up until three o'clock in the morning reading it, so intensely interesting was the 
book to him; and another party declared that if he had read the book years ago it would have 
been worth thousands of dollars to him. A professional gentleman, in writing, says : "It 
is certainly unlike other books;" and a business man, while in conversation with two or 
three others, to whom he was warmly commending the work, said : " I got my money's 
worth out of it." A lawyer in Washington, D. C, wrote the author, unsolicited, express- 
ing his high appreciation of the work, and his admiration of the impartial and just criticisms 
(as he expressed it) on all classes of people and subjects referred to in the book. It is a 
work of special value to every Physician, Teacher, Minister, Artist, Lawyer and Business 
Man. Even as a general reading book, for pleasure or pastime, it will be found just as 
fascinating as a work of fiction. 

NOTE THE CONTENTS OF THE BOOK. 



PHYSIOGNOMY DEFINED. 

HOW TO READ CHARACTER — Signs of 
Character— Expression. 

BLONDES AND BRUNETTES— Their Char- 
acteristics and Differences. 

THE AMERICAN HEAD AND CHARACTER 

HONESTY AND DISHONESTY— Signs and 
Method of Reading it. 

THEORY AND PRACTICE. 

FAST MEN AND WOMEN— The Various Class- 
es and Tendencies to that Life. 

CONFIDENCE MEN AND BLACKMAILERS 
— How they Operate. 

HIGH LIFE AND LOW LIFE, OR RICH 
AND POOR. 

MODERN CHRISTIANITY AND RELIGI- 
OUS CHARACTER— The Mental Heart, 
Conversion, etc. 



FLATTERY, CONCEIT AND VANITY. 

IT IS NICE TO BE A STRANGER— Personal 
Experiences and Observations in my Travels. 

INFIDELITY AND SKEPTICISM— The Cause 
and Remedy. 

FACIAL BEAUTY— How to Develop it- Beau- 
tiful Forms. 

HOW TO LIVE, OR THE WAY TO HEALTH 
AND OLD AGE. 

BUSINESS SUCCESS AND FAILURE— Rea- 
sons why some succeed and others do not. 

HUMAN SPIRITS— Good and Bad— Psychologi- 
cally considered, 

FLIRTATION AND MOCK MODESTY— Its 
Causes, and Effects upon Society 

DEFINITION OF PHRENOLOGICAL OR- 
GANS AND TEMPERAMENTS. 



It will be seen from the above contents, that there is a wide range of subjects touching 
on almost every phase and condition of life, and affording a greater variety than is found 
in any other work of a similar nature. It is printed on finely finished tinted paper. 

H-V-PRICE, $5.00-VK- 

To insure the receipt of money forwarded, send Post Office Order, which is also the 
cheapest way to get it. Those wishing the book sent C. O. D., will please enclose one 
dollar with the order, which will be credited on the amount to be collected. 

Address, 

Prof. A. E. WILLIS, 



835 Broadway, New York. 



73 Lake Street, Chicago. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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